What is Artificial Intelligence exactly?

“Everything we love about civilization is a product of intelligence, so amplifying our human intelligence with artificial intelligence has the potential of helping civilization flourish like never before – as long as we manage to keep the technology beneficial.“

Max Tegmark, President of the Future of Life Institute

What is exactly AI in an easy way to understand its existence???

THE ANSWER?

Commonly AI or Artificial Intelligence is a machine or a computer program that learnt how to do tasks that required forms of INTELLIGENCES that are usually done by human. And to take it another way, intelligence comes in many different aspects. We have many type of AI's that are good in particular subsets of intelligence.

Below are the examples of mentioned ;

Starting from the creation of AI's like SIRI to self-driving cars, artificial intelligence (AI) is progressing rapidly. While science fiction often portrays AI as robots with human-like characteristics, AI can encompass anything from Google’s search algorithms to autonomous weapons.

Artificial intelligence today is properly known as narrow AI (or weak AI), in that it is designed to perform a narrow task (e.g. only facial recognition or only internet searches or only driving a car). However, the long-term goal of many researchers is to create general AI (AGI or strong AI). While narrow AI may outperform humans at whatever its specific task is, like playing chess or solving equations, AGI would outperform humans at nearly every cognitive task.

Artificial Intelligence History

The term artificial intelligence was coined in 1956, but AI has become more popular today thanks to increased data volumes, advanced algorithms, and improvements in computing power and storage.

Early AI research in the 1950s explored topics like problem solving and symbolic methods. In the 1960s, the US Department of Defense took interest in this type of work and began training computers to mimic basic human reasoning. For example, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) completed street mapping projects in the 1970s. And DARPA produced intelligent personal assistants in 2003, long before Siri, Alexa or Cortana were household names.

This early work paved the way for the automation and formal reasoning that we see in computers today, including decision support systems and smart search systems that can be designed to complement and augment human abilities.

While Hollywood movies and science fiction novels depict AI as human-like robots that take over the world, the current evolution of AI technologies isn’t that scary – or quite that smart. Instead, AI has evolved to provide many specific benefits in every industry. Keep reading for modern examples of artificial intelligence in health care, retail and more.

1950s–1970s : Neural Networks

Early work with neural networks stirs excitement for “thinking machines.”

1980s–2010s : Machine learning

Machine learning becomes popular.

Present Day  : Deep Learning

Deep learning breakthroughs drive AI boom.

The Advantages for Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Jobs - depending on the level and type of intelligence these machines receive in the future, it will obviously have an effect on the type of work they can do, and how well they can do it (they can become more efficient). As the level of AI increases so will their competency to deal with difficult, complex even dangerous tasks that are currently done by humans, a form of applied artificial intelligence.

• Increase Our Technological Growth Rate - following on from the point above, AI will potentially help us 'open doors' into new and more advanced technological breakthroughs. For instance, due to their ability to produce millions and millions of computer modelling programs also with high degrees of accuracy, machines could essentially help us to find and understand new chemical elements and compounds etc. Basically, a very realistic advantage AI could propose is to act as a sort of catalyst for further technological & scientific discovery.

• They don't stop - as they are machines there is no need for sleep, they don't get ill , there is no need for breaks or Facebook, they are able to go, go, go! There obviously may be the need for them to be charged or refueled, however the point is, they are definitely going to get a lot more work done than we can. All that is required is that they have some energy source.

• No risk of harm - when we are exploring new undiscovered land or even planets, when a machine gets broken or dies, there is no harm done as they don't feel, they don't have emotions. Where as going on the same type of expeditions a machine does, may simply not be possible or they are exposing themselves to high risk situations.

• Act as aids - they can act as  24/7 aids to children with disabilities or the elderly, they could even act as a source for learning and teaching. They could even be part of security alerting you to possible fires that you are in threat of, or fending off crime.

• Their function is almost limitless - as the machines will be able to do everything (but just better) essentially their use, pretty much doesn't have any boundaries. They will make fewer mistakes, they are emotionless, they are more efficient, they are basically giving us more  free time to do as we please.

The Disadvantages for Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Over reliance on AI - as you may have seen in many films such as The Matrix, iRobot or even kids films such as WALL.E, if we rely on machines to do almost everything for us -- we have become so dependent, that if they were to simply shut down (or even decide they want to give up this working gig) they have the potential to ruin our economy and effectively our lives. Although the films are essentially just fiction, they still present a real possibility if we become too heavily dependent on machines. It wouldn't be too smart on our part not to have some sort of back up plan to potential issues that could arise, if the machines 'got real smart'.

• Human Feel - as they are are machines they obviously can't provide you with that 'human touch and quality', the feeling of a togetherness and emotional understanding, that machines will lack the ability to sympathise and empathise with your situations, and may act irrationally as a consequence.

• Inferior - as machines will be able to perform almost every task better than us in practically all respects, they will take up many of our jobs, which will then result in masses of people who are then jobless and as a result feel essentially useless. This could then lead us to issues of mental illness and obesity problems etc.

• Misuse - there is no doubt that this level of technology in the wrong hands can cause mass destruction, where robot armies could be formed, or they could perhaps malfunction or be corrupted which then we could be facing a similar scene to that of terminator ( hey, you never know).

• Ethically Wrong? - People say that the gift of intuition and intelligence was God's gift to mankind, and so to replicate that would be then to kind of 'play God'. Therefore not right to even attempt to clone our intelligence.

HOW CAN AI BE DANGEROUS?

Most researchers agree that a superintelligent AI is unlikely to exhibit human emotions like love or hate, . When considering how AI might become a risk, experts think two scenarios most likely:

The AI is programmed to do something devastating: Autonomous weapons are artificial intelligence systems that are programmed to kill. In the hands of the wrong person, these weapons could easily cause mass casualties. Moreover, an AI arms race could  lead to an AI war that also results in mass casualties. To avoid being misused by the enemy, these weapons would be designed to be extremely difficult to simply “turn off,” so humans could plausibly lose control of such a situation. This risk is one that’s present even with narrow AI, but grows as levels of AI intelligence and autonomy increase.

The AI is programmed to do something beneficial, but it develops a destructive method for achieving its goal: This can happen whenever we fail to fully align the AI’s goals with ours, which is strikingly difficult. If you ask an obedient intelligent car to take you to the airport as fast as possible, it might get you there chased by helicopters and covered in vomit, doing not what you wanted but literally what you asked for. If a superintelligent system is tasked with a ambitious geoengineering project, it might wreak havoc with our ecosystem as a side effect, and view human attempts to stop it as a threat to be met.